ࡱ> ikhq` 4bjbjqPqP .P::,@@@@@@@T****+TT2H*x+x+x+x+x+S,S,S,GGGGGGG$\IhKhG@0S,S,00G@@x+x+GGGG0H@x+@x+GG0GGG@@Gx+l+ 5 I*@GG$H02HG,LE,LGG&,L@9GTS,:-Gm.!/S,S,S,GGF S,S,S,2H0000TTT#$TTT#TTT@@@@@@ Media Vita Nicholas Gombert Kyrie, Missa Media Vita Nicholas Gombert Gloria, Missa Media Vita Lauda Amor dole sena pare Josquin Domine, ne in furore tuo Lauda Jesu Christo glorioso Nicholas Gombert Salve Regina Nicholas Gombert Credo, Missa Media Vita INTERVAL Josquin Illibata Dei virgo Nicholas Gombert Sanctus, Missa Media Vita Lauda Ave Regina gloriosa Nicholas Gombert Quam pulchra es Lauda Or piangiamo Nicholas Gombert Agnus Dei, Missa Media Vita Josquin Nimphes des Bois One of the unfortunate effects of the traditional Josquin-centered historiography has been the comparative neglect of not only Josquin des Prezs contemporaries but also of the next generation of composers. One such composer whose genius has only recently been fully acknowledged is Nicolas Gombert (c.1495-c.1560), who can now be seen as one of the leading figures of the generation between Josquin and Palestrina. Gombert was probably born in southern Flanders and was, according to Hermann Fincks Pratica musica (1556), taught by Josquin (if this is true it would probably have been during Josquins last years in Cond). In 1526 Gombert joined the chapel choir of Emperor Charles V in Spain, and by 1529 was its matre des enfants. His position at the most prestigious court in Europe allowed him to travel throughout the continent with the Imperial entourage and, as a result, his reputation spread. It seems that Gombert served unofficially as a court composer and his compositions were printed by all the major European publishers; his fame was such that the Venetian firms of Scotto and Gardane issued collected editions of his motets. However, in about 1540, his career was halted when he was sentenced to the galleys for gross indecency with a choirboy. He earned his release and finished his career as canon at the Cathedral of Tournai. Gomberts compositions are entirely vocal, some for ensembles of up to twelve parts. His contrapuntal language is based on that of Josquin, but taken to the next level of complexity. Imitation is used even more consistently than did Josquin, and Gomberts vocal textures are often densely packed and the individual lines are characterised by an avoidance of rests. A substantial number of Gomberts compositions survive, including eleven masses, over 160 motets, 60 secular chansons, and a set of eight Magnificats (one in each mode). This recording presents a number of the motets (46 voices) interspersed between the movements of a five-voice mass. Missa Media Vita is a five-voice parody mass based on Gomberts own six-voice motet. Each movement begins with the initial material of the pre-existent motet and each employs the close of the model together with numerous passing references to the motet along the way. The final Agnus Dei follows the long-established tradition of adding an extra voice (an extra bass in this instance) and this gave Gombert the opportunity to include some internal canonic passages. Media vita in morte sumos, the six-voice motet that provided the material for Gomberts mass, was first published in the motet anthology Primus liber cum sex vocibus. Mottetti del frutto a sei voci (Antoine Gardane, Venice, 1539), and is a setting of the Nunc dimittis antiphon for the third Sunday in Lent. The four-voice Marian motets, Quam pulchra es and Salve Regina, from the first (1539) and second (1541) books of four-voice motets respectively, are included as a contrast. Salve Regina uses the pre-existent plainsong melody throughout but it is not limited to one voice as a cantus firmus, rather it provides melodic material for imitation points in all parts. The move from cantus firmus to paraphrase technique may be seen as one of the progressive features of the post-Josquin generation. Jonathan Wainwright There are three works in this programme by Gomberts supposed master, Domine ne in furore tuo, Illibata Dei virgo and Nimphes des bois. This last piece, also known as the Dploration on the death of Ockeghem, was written as a tribute to this great composer who died on 6 February 1497. The cantus firmus quotes the introit from the Mass for the Dead and various other composers, including Brumel, Compre and Josquin himself, are exhorted to mourn their bon pre. Josquins 5 part motet Illibata Dei virgo is a curiosity in that the initial letters of the first twelve lines form an acrostic on the composers own name: JOSQUIN Des PREZ. It seems possible that there are further word puzzles in the second part of the motet which may refer to Joquins time as Provost of the collegiate church of Notre Dame de Cond, a post in which he served from 1504 until his death in 1521. The lauda was a common musical form in late medieval Italy. Companies or confraternities of laudesi would meet daily for services of which the laude formed a large part. In these sacred songs a soloist would sing the verses in alternation with the congregational singing of the refrains. Of the hundreds of collections of laude which must have existed only two, the Florence Laudario and one from Cortona, survive with musical notation. Kyrie, eleison Christe, eleison Kyrie, eleison - Gloria in excelsis Deo et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te, gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam, Domine Deus, Rex caelestis, Deus Pater omnipotens. Domine Fili unigenite, lesu Christe. Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis; qui tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem nostram. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, miserere nobis. Quoniam tu solus Sanctus, tu solus Dominus, tu solus Altissimus, Iesu Christe, cum Sancto Spiritu: in gloria Dei Patris. Amen. - Amor dole sena pare Se tu Cristo per amare. Amor, sena cominciana Se tu padre insembiana; In trinit per amana Filio et spiritu regnare. Amor grande for misura Di cui nulla creatura Puote avere in s natura, di te amar si sa scusare. - Domine ne in furore tuo arguas me neque in ira tua corripias me. Quoniam sagittae tuae infixae sunt mihi et confirmasti super me manum tuam. Non est sanitas carni meae a facie irae tuae: non est pax ossibus meis a facie peccatorum meorum. Miser factus sum et curvatus sum usque in finem: tota die contristatus ingrediebar. - Jesu Christo glorioso, A te sia laude e echimento, Ke per noi surreximento Facesti victorioso. Victorioso el tero die Facesti surreximento; Per unger le tre Marie Lo tuo corpo al monimento Andar cum pretiosunguento: Langel dixe Non quie; In Galilea, k surrexo, Voi preceder gratioso . Pensosi fra lor essendo, Lapparebel signor verace; Dixe Non andate temendo De me, kio non so fallace. Sempre aviate in fra voi pace, Et cercate le kiavadure, Ke le mente aviate pure: Di me ognom sia copioso . - Salve regina misericordiae, vita dulcedo et spes nostra, salve. Ad te clamamus exules, filii Hevae. Ad te suspiramus, gementes et flentes in hac lacrimarum valle. Eia ergo, advocata nostra, illos tuos misericordes oculos ad nos converte. Et Iesum benedictum fructum ventris tui, nobis post hoc exilium ostende, O clemens, O pia, O dulcis virgo Maria. - Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium. Et in unum Dominum Iesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula. Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, genitum, non factum, consubstantialem Patri: per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos homines, et propter nostram salutem descendit de caelis. Et incarnatus est de Spirito Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est. Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato; passus et sepultus est, et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas, et ascendit in caelum, sedet ad dexteram Patris. Et iterum venturus est cum gloria, iudicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis. Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem; qui ex Patre Filioque procedit. Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur: qui locutus est per prophetas. Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen. - Illibata Dei virgo nutrix, Olimpi tu regis o genitrix, Sola parens verbi puerpera, Que fuisti Eve reparatrix, Viri nephas tuta mediatrix, Illud clara luce dat scriptura. Nata nati alma genitura, Des ut leta musorum factura Prevaleat ymis et sit ave, Roborando sonos ut guttura Efflagitent, laude teque pura Zelotica arte clament Ave. Ave virginum decus hominum Coelique porta, Ave lilium, flos humilium Virgo decora. Vale ergo, tota pulchra ut luna electa Electa ut sol, clarissima gaude. Salve tu sola cum sola amica, Consola la mi la canentes in tua laude. Ave Maria, mater virtutum, Veniae vena, ave Maria, Gratia plena, dominus tecum, Ave Maria, mater virtutum. Amen. - Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt caeli et terra gloria tua. Hosanna in excelsis. Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Hosanna in excelsis. Ave, regina gloriosa, Piena dogne consolana. Ave, pulcra margarita, Splendida luce clarita; Fresca rosa et aulorita, Nostro gaudio et alegrana. Ave, regina dorata, Virgene madre beata; Poi ke fosti salutata, Madre se de gran pietana. - Quam pulchra es et quam decora carissima in deliciis! Statura tua adsimilata est palmae et ubera tua botris. Caput tuum ut Carmelus. Collum tuum sicut turris eburnea. Veni dilecte mi egrediamur in agrum, videamus si flores parturierunt, si floruenrunt mala punica: tibi dabo ubera mea. - Or piangiamo, che piange Maria, in questa dia sovr'ogna dolente. Si doloros'a la croce piange, tutta s'infrange guardando lo suo amore; e tempestosa battaglia la tange: ben mille lance pare che senta al core. Con grande dolore 1'alta imperadrice piangendo dice, lui cos vegente: "A cui rimango da ch'io t' perduto? Al core venuto m' si grande coltello, laxa, c'ora piango lo dolze saluto annuntiato da san Gabriello; si grande flagello lo dolzore del parto! Se mi diparto morro di presente. "Vegiomi sola, figliuolo, di te, madre, confitto in quadre, di sangue vermiglio; sposa et figliuola di te, dolce padre; da gente ladre mi se' tolto, figlio. A cui mapiglio? Lassa, tapinella una donzella cosi rimanente." Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: miserere nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: miserere nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: dona nobis pacem. - Nimphes des bois, deses fontaines chantres expers de toutes nations, Changes vos voix tant cleres et haultaines en cris trenchants et lamentations. Car Atropos, trs terrible satrappe, a vostre Okeghem attrap en sa trappe, Vray trsorier de musique et chief douevre, doct, lgant de corps et non point trapp; Grant dommaige et que la terre le couvre. Accoutrez vous dhabits de dueil: Josquin, Piersson, Brumel, Compre, Et plourez grosses larmes doeil: perdu avez vostre bon pre. Requiescant in pace. Amen. Requiem aeternam dona eis, domine: et lux perpetua luceat eis. Requiescant in pace. Amen.  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